This article presents the development of coordinated control of throttle, spark advance, and variable valve timing (VVT) in a model predictive control (MPC) framework for engine idle speed control ...

Model Predictive Control (MPC) is a modern feedback law that generates the control signal by solving an optimal control problem at each sampling time. This approach is capable of maximizing a certain ...

An international research team has tested a hybrid control technique combining adapted perturb and observe (APO) with model-predictive control to address complex partial shading in solar arrays ...