When presenting expressions, we saw examples of common arithmetic operations: addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. Here we will present two additional operations which are closely ...

You may never have heard of modular arithmetic, but you use it every day without the slightest difficulty. In this system, numbers wrap around when they reach a certain size called the modulus; it is ...

This paper introduces a new paradigm for the construction of reversible transforms that map integers to integers. Transform matrices with integer entries are first considered, and the modulo ...

Abstract: Modulo multiplication of long integers (/spl ges/ 1024 bits) is the major operation of many public-key cryptosystems like RSA or Diffie-Hellman. The efficient implementation of modulo ...