The spatial pattern of trees in forests often combines different types of structure (regularity, clustering or randomness) at different scales. Taking species or size into account leads to marked ...

Figure 1: Observations and theoretical drivers of increasing conifer mortality. Figure 3: Predictions of climate and forest mortality for Southwestern USA to AD 2100. Figure 4: Dynamic global ...

Phylogenetic trees describe both the evolutionary process and community diversity. Recent work has established that they exhibit scale-invariant topology, which quantifies the fact that their ...

The Irish philosopher George Berkely, best known for his theory of immaterialism, once famously mused, "If a tree falls in a forest and no one is around to hear it, does it make a sound?" What about ...

We may receive a commission on purchases made from links. Known for being one of the few trees with white bark, the Beech tree (Fagus sylvatica) has a broad canopy and a variety of functional uses.