Engineer's perspective: TCP is at Layer 4, IP is at Layer 3, VLAN is at Layer 2—layered thinking is the first step in ...

Every telecom system is bursting with information about subscribers, services and devices—not to mention the telco's network equipment and operational status. This data is both sensitive and necessary ...

We have now met the archenemy of networks, Mr. Murphy, as he cackles “What can go wrong, will,” in the introduction to failure modes and the discussion of failure modes at the physical and data link ...

In their quest for scalability and cost-effectiveness, many layer-2 networks adopt a centralized approach to on-chain transaction processing, introducing a single point of failure vulnerability. The ...