Whether it’s wired or wireless, most data communications today happens by way of packets of information travelling over one or more networks. But before these networks can work together, though ...

Let's start our discussion by looking at Layer 4. Layer 4: The Transport Layer As mentioned in Part 1 of this article, Layer 4 is the transport layer in the OSI model. For many people, Layer 4 is the ...

One of the most enduring models in networking is the famous seven-layer OSI model. X.25 roughly, but pretty accurately, is based on the first three layers. And it stopped there. Subsequently ...

When troubleshooting network issues it’s helpful to understand if the issue is occurring at Layer 2 or Layer 3 of the OSI model. If you’re able to get local communications to work but the ...

In this two-part series, we'll provide a different view of the OSI model, showing how the layers are interconnected and what protocol services are available at each level. In Part 1, we'll provide a ...

It wasn’t always this way. Conceived in the 1970s when computer networking was taking off, two separate models were merged in 1983 and published in 1984 to create the OSI model that most people ...