Payments ecosystems are often categorized as either closed-loop or open-loop systems, each with distinct advantages and limitations. Closed-loop systems, such as single-provider mobile wallets like ...

Festo introduces its Controlled Pneumatics technology which features digital closed-loop control for applications ranging from welding and gripping to dispensing and pumping. In 2012, Automation World ...

An open-loop cooling system, also called raw water cooling, draws water directly from the body of water the boat is floating in, whether it's saltwater or freshwater. That water is pulled through a ...

The introduction of a modern electronic ticketing system or transit card for Sri Lanka’s public transport has been a hot topic of discussion for years, with several pilot projects failing to reach ...

People with type 1 diabetes require continuous insulin treatment and must regularly measure their glucose levels. With open-loop therapies, insulin administration is manually controlled, while hybrid ...

How often does an existing open condenser water system, or some other type of open water system, get reused as part of a building renovation project and/or mechanical system upgrade? It happens ...