This communication presents experimental research findings on the application of the flower pollination algorithm (FPA) and the African buffalo optimization (ABO) to implement the complex and fairly ...

The optimization of the functions of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (MOA), under China's State Council institutions reform plan, is an important step in improving capacity and ...

The Rosenbrock function, also referred to as the Valley or Banana function, is a popular test problem for gradient-based optimization algorithms. It is shown in the plot above in its two-dimensional ...

The Ackley function is widely used for testing optimization algorithms. In its two-dimensional form, as shown in the plot above, it is characterized by a nearly flat outer region, and a large hole at ...