What is duty cycle? Duty cycle is defined by the percentage of high voltage duration in a complete digital pulse. If the duty cycle is 50%, then it will remain on for exact half the duration of the ...

PWM Output Another popular timer function is outputting PWM signals. Take a look at the sparkfun tutorial if you're not familiar with this topic. Put simply, PWM works by switching a signal on and off ...

PWM is used to control of the ratio of a pin's high and low state, the "duty cycle." This can be done using software or using built-in PWM pins on the processor. PWM pins have the advantage over ...

How pulse-width modulation (PWM) works with switch-mode converters. How PWM can be used in different power-switching applications. Switch-mode converters employ a power semiconductor switch (usually a ...

Abstract: Chirp spread spectrum (CSS) signal is the heart of long-range (LoRa) modulation, also known as CSS modulation, and is used in long-range wide area network (LoRaWAN) in Internet of things ...