Probability density function is a statistical expression defining the likelihood of a series of outcomes for a continuous variable, such as a stock or ETF return.

Nonparametric methods provide a flexible framework for estimating the probability density function of random variables without imposing a strict parametric model. By relying directly on observed ...

Estimation of a Probability Density Function and Its Derivatives Let X 1, X 2, ⋯ be independent identically distributed random variables having a common probability density function f.

Kernel Density Estimation (KDE): A nonparametric method to estimate the probability density function of a random variable by averaging over locally weighted contributions of each data point.

This is a preview. Log in through your library . Abstract The notion of probability density for a random function is not as straight-forward as in finite-dimensional cases. While a probability density ...