This is a preview. Log in through your library . Abstract A propositional system of modal logic is second-order if it contains quantifiers ∀p and ∃p, which, in the standard interpretation, are ...

This is a preview. Log in through your library . Abstract We prove the following surprising property of Heyting's intuitionistic propositional calculus, IpC. Consider the collection of formulas, φ, ...

An introduction to symbolic logic. Symbolic logic provides a framework of formal reasoning with applications in mathematics, cognitive science, computer science and philosophy. Topics include ...