Analog transmission is not particularly efficient. When the signal-to-noise ratio of an analog signal deteriorates due to attenuation, amplifying the signal also amplifies noise. Digital signals are ...

Radio frequency (RF) refers to the part of the electromagnetic spectrum where electromagnetic waves can be generated by alternating current fed to an antenna. It spans from around 3 kHz to 300 GHz. RF ...

Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) is a fundamental technique in power electronics that facilitates the efficient control of power delivery by modulating the width of voltage or current pulses. This method ...

A North American telephony standard for converting analog voice into a digital data stream using pulse code modulation (PCM). The "pulse code" in PCM comes from the telephone company's method of ...

This paper presents the Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation (ADPCM) method of digitally storing and reproducing speech or other waveforms. A detailed explanation of the encoding steps is given ...