We give a completeness theorem for a logic with probability quantifiers which is equivalent to the logics described in a recent survey paper of Keisler [K]. This result improves on the completeness ...

We solve a problem of Friedman by showing the existence of a logic stronger than first-order logic even for countable models, but still satisfying the general compactness theorem, assuming e.g. the ...

The study of monadic algebraic structures and fuzzy logic has evolved into a vibrant research area that bridges abstract algebra with the nuanced reasoning of uncertainty. By incorporating unary ...

Logic and geometric representations constitute an interdisciplinary framework that merges formal logical systems with spatial and diagrammatic structures. This field encompasses the study of classical ...