Above: Purdue Extension photo depicts raster patterns of several species of white grub larvae. Photo from Purdue Extension publication E-271-W. One issue that homeowners occasionally have to deal with ...

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a technique used to characterize surfaces at extremely high resolution. A sharp probe is brought into close proximity with the sample to be analyzed. Probe and sample ...

There is an inverse relationship between the laser pulse duration and the energy required in each pulse to generate the optical breakdown. [3] A shorter pulse (200–500 fs) needs lower energy to ...

In nanotechnology and molecular biology, researchers are often severely limited by the inability to observe atoms and molecules in three dimensions. Proteins, for instance, fold into complex patterns ...