"Relations and Functions" stand out as crucial topics within algebra. These terms, though related, hold distinct mathematical meanings. It's common to feel uncertain about their disparities. To ...

We develop parametric classes of covariance functions on linear networks and their extension to graphs with Euclidean edges, that is, graphs with edges viewed as line segments or more general sets ...

The statistical physics of graphs and partition functions represents a vibrant intersection of graph theory, statistical mechanics and computational complexity. By summing over an ensemble of ...

The Central Board of Secondary Education is the topmost exam body in India and conducts the annual term-end board exams. The CBSE Class 12 board exams are taken by lakhs of students. One of the most ...

A translation is a movement of the graph either horizontally parallel to the \(x\)-axis or vertically parallel to the \(y\)-axis. The graph of \(f(x) = x^2\) is the same as the graph of \(y = x^2\).

A function is a way of describing what happens to an input variable, in order to get the output result. \(\text{Input} \rightarrow \text{FUNCTION} \rightarrow \text{Output}\) If we think of a simple ...

Used for decision making, condition evaluation in software systems (e.g., login systems, access control). Use arrays, vectors, or std::set for sets. Use structs or maps to represent relations.