As we discussed at the beginning of this series, sampling has nothing to do with digitization, or quantization. A sampled signal can remain in the analog domain, though digitized signals are sampled ...

Synthetic biology advances the rational engineering of mammalian cells to achieve cell-based therapy goals. Synthetic gene networks have nearly reached the complexity of digital electronic circuits ...

The sources of noise in a signal chain can be either internal or external. Managing noise in the signal chain requires meticulous examination of each circuit in the chain to minimize noise where ...

I read your October article entitled “Digitizing audio,” and have a question on the SNR formula for digital audio. We have two different audio levels (one very ...