Discrete small-signal MOSFETs still find uses today, and this Design Idea presents two simple examples: an AND gate, and an amplitude modulator. Figure 1 shows a standard two-input AND gate along with ...

The circuit to create waveform like this is based upon a simple relay that is driven by a clock signal.

An interferometer modulator uses a beamsplitter to produce deflected and transmitted light beams onto mirrored surfaces of a piezoelectric crystal pair, one piezoelectric crystal being driven by a ...

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In modern communication systems, modulation is a key function that embeds the baseband signal (information) into a carrier wave so that it can be successfully broadcasted through a medium such as air ...