Karush–Kuhn–Tucker (KKT) Conditions: A set of necessary conditions used to determine the optimality of solutions in nonlinear programming, extended here to fuzzy optimisation scenarios.

The KKT reformulation is widely recognized as a prominent approach for analyzing bilevel optimization problems, especially in the case of convex lower-level problems. This paper focuses on exploring ...

In this paper we consider the bilevel programming problem (BLPP), which is a sequence of two optimization problems where the constraint region of the upper-level problem is determined implicitly by ...