System representations, state variables, transfer functions, controllability and observability, phase variables, canonical variables, representation of nonlinear systems, Lagrange's equations, ...

Meanwhile, the model shows that when the resistance of energy transfer is higher than the critical threshold, the system will trigger an irreversible state transition.

In this paper, for a three-state no-recovery model (with states healthy, disabled, dead), using simple mathematical derivations, we propose a framework to estimate the age- and gender-specific ...