System. out. println (s. length ()); } The difference is clear: No redundant casting: The variable s is ready to use as a String. Cleaner logic: Combines type-checking and assignment in one line.

The "d" in the format string indicates that the output value is a decimal integer. The final line of code "System.out.println ()" moves the cursor to the next line of code.

Compare inheritance and composition, the two fundamental ways to relate Java classes, then practice debugging ClassCastExceptions in Java inheritance.

sb.delete(1, 9); System.out.println(x) } } The classes and StringBuffer () are similar, however StringBuilder () is newer and not thread-safe, meaning it can't be used by multiple threads at once.