TCP/IP also is a layered protocol but does not use all of the OSI layers, though the layers are equivalent in operation and function (Fig. 2). The network access layer is equivalent to OSI layers ...

Getting a handle on the invisible part of your network—the protocols that are in use—can be of enormous value in helping you detect problems.

IBM misplayed its hand with SNA and OSI never had a chance against TCP/IP. The long, slow and at times, colorful battle between TCP/IP backers and SNA stalwarts was one of the more acrimonious ...

This paper explains the 2 popular reference models: OSI reference model and TCP/IP model, by comparing the functionality of each layer in both models.

However, because TCP doesn’t respect the OSI model, we have to sort of carve TCP/IP out of this conversation, which really limits its practical application in most environments.

When protocols are developed by organizations such as, IEEE, ANSI, or the ITU-T, for example, they are inserted into the appropriate layer of the model (see Figure 2). What makes this so nice is that ...

The processing in a network protocol that provides the starting point and purpose of the communications session. The application layer is layer 7 of 7 in the OSI model. For example, email, Web ...