In modular arithmetic, when you get to the end of your finite list of numbers, you just loop back to the beginning, as if you were counting numbers around the face of a clock. For example, if you go ...

This issue of Students Explorations in Mathematics introduces students to modular arithmetic and its applications. This activity will help develop students’ problem-solving strategies and provide ...

Many important algorithms for public-key cryptography rely on computation-intensive arithmetic operations like modular exponentiation on very long integers, typically in the range of 512 and 2048 bits ...

This paper analyzes the reconfigurable design principles of public-key cryptography and the characteristics of modular arithmetic iteration process. According to the analysis results, a ...