The distribution of outermost shell electrons, known as valence electrons, of organic molecules was experimentally observed for the first time by a team led by Nagoya University in Japan. As the ...

In nanotechnology control is key. Control over the arrangements and distances between nanoparticles can allow tailored interaction strengths so that properties can be harnessed in devices such as ...

PROF. FRY bases his conception of valency on Sir J. J. Thomson's interpretation of the bond (without reference to the nature of chemical affinity or to the structure of the atom) as a unit Faraday ...

THE connexion between the numerical valency exhibited by an atom and the number of its outside electrons, which prevailed in certain pre-wave mechanical theories of valency and in the theory of ...