Abstract: The hybrid modular multilevel converter (MMC) employing dc-side control exhibits significant differences in dc output characteristics compared to the half-bridge (HB) MMC, leading to ...

Abstract: The development of DC side faults in flexible DC transmission systems is rapid, and the short-circuit current rises very quickly. With the gradual expansion of flexible DC transmission ...

This resistor with bands of red, violet, yellow, and gold has a value of 270,000 ohms (270kΩ) with a tolerance of ±5%. \( \begin{eqnarray*}\text{R}_\text{t ...

FET constant current sources use JFETs and MOSFETs to deliver a load current, which remains constant despite changes in load resistance or supply voltage. A FET constant current source is a type of ...

Originally, current was defined as the flow of charge from positive to negative. Scientists later discovered that current is actually the flow of electrons, from negative to positive. The original ...

Prospective fault current (PFC) is the highest electric current that can flow in a system during a short circuit. It helps determine equipment ratings, breaker capacity, and safety measures in ...

The accurate, high-side, current-sense circuit in Figure 1 does not use a dedicated, isolated supply voltage, as some schemes do. Only the selected transistors limit the common-mode range. The circuit ...

Mark Flanagan, Head of Product Development with Scolmore Group, looks at some of the problems associated with inferior quality connector products which don’t meet the required standards and therefore ...