Arithmetic circuit complexity investigates the computational resources required to evaluate polynomial functions via networks of arithmetic operations. At its core, this field seeks to classify ...

We observe that the classification problem for countable models of arithmetic is Borel complete. On the other hand, the classification problems for finitely generated models of arithmetic and for ...

A theory of the cognitive processes involved in doing and learning place value arithmetic is proposed. The theory is embodied in a computer model that simulates the learning of multicolumn subtraction ...

In humans, the gut microbiome is an ecosystem of hundreds to thousands of microbial species living within the gastrointestinal tract, influencing health and even longevity. As interest in studying the ...