Collaborative editing systems have evolved into a vital component of distributed computing, facilitating real-time, multi-user interaction across diverse applications such as text processing, computer ...

Now-a-days, distributed databases have taken concentration in the database research. Data distribution and replication offer opportunities for improving performance through parallel query execution ...

As the people know, eXtensible Markup Language (XML) has become a standard for data exchange in many fields of application. So, a huge amount of data in this format is spread around Web and is stored ...