Abstract: Coloring a graph is a known and a classical problem in graph theory. It is also a known NP problem. In a graph G, the solution of coloring a graph is about coloring all the vertices of the ...

Let G be a graph, A(G) be the adjacency matrix of G, and λ(G) the least eigenvalue of A(G). Information is given about the following three quantities: $\lambda_R(G ...

Abstract: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive, irreversible neurodegenerative disorder, and early diagnosis is critical for timely intervention and slowing down the course of the disease.

This minimal formalism unifies general relativity, quantum mechanics, cosmology, and complexity science within a single operator-based equation, replacing external time with memory propagation and ...

This article aims to explore the theoretical properties of topological descriptors used in fuzzy graph theory, which combines elements of graph theory and fuzzy set theory, within algebraic structures ...