The evolving capabilities of AI models such as GPT -3 and GPT -4, and Deepseek have rendered it ever more difficult to distinguish between human-written text and AI-generated text. The issue raises ...

3 To address these limitations, text analysis tools such as CiteSpace and VOSviewer offer classification-independent methods to identify key topics.4 5 A 2019 study using natural language processing .

The text-mining process has been transformed through Natural Language Processing (NLP), it allows researchers to extract essential information from extensive textual resources. The research ...