def setup_turtle(): """Initialize turtle settings""" t = turtle.Turtle() t.speed(0) # Fastest speed t.penup() t.hideturtle() return t def draw_modified_edge(t, length ...

Some languages, like PowerShell, have “anonymous recursive functions”. That is, normally, a function needs to use a name to refer to itself to recur. But “anonymous recursion” means the language has ...

In this article, we study some new characterizations of primitive recursive functions based on restricted forms of primitive recursion, improving the pioneering work of R. M. Robinson and M. D.