Abstract: In minimally invasive endoscopy systems, traditional optical tracking solutions commonly employed in computer-assisted surgeries are not applicable due to the lack of line-of-sight.

Abstract: A novel detachable rotary magnetic encoder is proposed, developed, and validated in this study, demonstrating excellent precision and potential for subaqueous applications, regardless of ...

Rotary encoders are electromechanical transducers that convert angular displacement into corresponding electrical signals interpretable by digital systems. This article specifically focuses on panel ...