Issuers tack it on so that the whole card number will satisfy a specific mathematical test—the Luhn algorithm. Here’s how the algorithm works: Write out all but the last digit of the card number.

Ashwani Goel is a city-based industrialist, who has achieved accolades in table tennis and has become an inspiration for budding players of Ludhiana.

Simiyu, G. W. and Mwatelah, J. (2025) Mapping Water Quality Using Remote Sensing Technology: A Case Study of Lake Victoria. Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection, 13, 225-252. doi: ...