Let G be a directed graph such that every edge e of G is associated with a positive integer, called the index of e. Then G is called a network graph if, at every vertex v of G, the sum of the indices ...

Self-organized structures can spontaneously emerge from a complex sea of microscopic, interacting constituents. This is a widespread observation in nature, now accepted as a paradigmatic concept in ...

Anti-Ramsey theory in graphs is a branch of combinatorial mathematics that examines the conditions under which a graph, when its edges are coloured, must necessarily contain a ‘rainbow’ subgraph – a ...

Text: : "Graph Theory" by J. Adrian Bondy and U.S.R. Murty; Graduate Texts in Mathematics 244, Springer 2008. ISBN 978-1-84628-969-9, 2nd printing, 978-1-84628-970-5 (ebook). Notes will be supplied ...

Graph theory isn’t enough. The mathematical language for talking about connections, which usually depends on networks — vertices (dots) and edges (lines connecting them) — has been an invaluable way ...

What is a directed acyclic graph (DAG) in crypto? A directed acyclic graph or DAG is a data modeling or structuring tool typically used in cryptocurrencies. Unlike a blockchain, which consists of ...